Chlorhexidine Gluconate mouthwash is an antimicrobial solution that helps prevent the formation of dental plaque. It is used as an adjunct in the treatment and prevention of gingivitis and for maintaining oral hygiene, especially in cases where proper tooth brushing is not possible (e.g., after oral surgery or in physically or mentally challenged patients). It may also be used after periodontal procedures to support gum healing.

Chlorhexidine is a potent cationic antimicrobial agent with a broad spectrum of activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Its action may be bacteriostatic or bactericidal depending on the concentration. At higher concentrations, it binds to negatively charged bacterial cell walls, leading to disruption and cell death. At lower concentrations, it interferes with the osmotic balance of bacterial cells, causing leakage of essential intracellular components such as potassium and phosphorus.

Adults: Thoroughly rinse the mouth for about one minute with 10 ml twice daily. In the dental surgery the patient should be instructed to rinse the mouth for one minute prior to treatment. Chlorhexidine Gluconate is incompatible with anionic agents which are usually present in conventional dentifrices. These should therefore be used before Chlorhexidine Gluconate (rinsing the mouth between applications) or at a different time of day.

For the treatment of gingivitis a course of about one month is advisable although some variation in response is to be expected. In the case of aphthous ulceration and oral candidial infections treatment should be continued for 48 hours after clinical resolution. For the treatment of dental stomatitis the dentures should be cleansed and soaked in Chlorhexidine Gluconate mouthwash for fifteen minutes twice daily.

Children and the Elderly: The normal adult dose is appropriate for elderly patients and children of 12 years and over unless otherwise recommended by the dentist or the physician. Children under 12 years of age should not use the product unless recommended by a healthcare professional.

Route of administration: External (oral) use.

Chlorhexidine is incompatible with anionic agents.

Chlorhexidine Gluconate should not be used in patients with known hypersensitivity to chlorhexidine or any component of the formulation, although such reactions are very rare.

Discoloration: Temporary staining of the tongue may occur and usually resolves after stopping treatment. Staining of teeth and restorations (silicate or composite) may also occur. These stains are not permanent and can be minimized by reducing intake of tea, coffee, and red wine, along with regular tooth brushing.

In some cases, professional cleaning (scaling and polishing) may be required to remove persistent stains. Areas with rough surfaces or poorly polished restorations may retain stains more easily. Where normal brushing is difficult (e.g., intermaxillary fixation or orthodontic appliances), professional cleaning may be necessary after treatment.

Taste disturbance: A temporary alteration in taste sensation and a mild burning sensation of the tongue may occur initially, which usually improves with continued use.

Oral desquamation: Peeling of the oral mucosa may occur; dilution of the mouthwash with an equal volume of water may help continue its use.

Parotid gland swelling: Rare swelling of the parotid glands has been reported, which resolves after discontinuation.

Irritative skin reactions: Occasional local skin irritation may occur.

Generalised reactions: Rare allergic reactions including hypersensitivity and anaphylaxis have been reported.

No evidence suggests harmful effects on the fetus during pregnancy or on infants during breastfeeding. Therefore, no special precautions are required.

For external oral use only; do not swallow. Avoid contact with eyes and ears. In case of accidental contact with eyes, rinse thoroughly with water. If irritation, swelling, or soreness of the mouth occurs, discontinue use and consult a healthcare professional.

Other antibacterial preparation

Store in a cool, dry place, protected from light.