Silymarin is a well-known hepatoprotective agent. It is prepared from a standardized extract of Milk Thistle fruits.
Silymarin stimulates RNA polymerase-A, enhances protein synthesis, and helps in regeneration and repair of liver cells. The liver-protecting and liver-repairing effects of Silymarin are mainly due to its antioxidant and protein-restoring activities. Its antioxidant activity is about ten times more powerful than vitamin E.
It prevents toxic and foreign substances from entering liver cells by stabilizing the outer membrane of hepatocytes. Silymarin also has a membrane-stabilizing effect by altering liver cell structure in a way that prevents toxin entry. It protects liver cells from damage caused by alcohol, organic compounds, viral infections, acetaminophen, environmental pollutants, and metabolic by-products including foods, drugs, chemotherapeutic agents, and other chemicals.
It also acts through anti-lipid peroxidative, antifibrotic, anti-inflammatory, membrane-stabilizing, immunomodulatory, and liver-regenerating mechanisms.