Compounds present in Andrographis have demonstrated antiviral properties by inhibiting viral glycoproteins, thereby reducing the ability of viruses to invade host cells and replicate. The herb also enhances immune function by stimulating antibody production and promoting non-specific immune responses, including increased macrophage phagocytosis. The flavonoids present in Andrographis possess anti-inflammatory properties. Laboratory studies have shown that these compounds suppress neutrophil gene expression and reduce the production of inflammatory mediators such as COX-2.
The aerial parts of the plant and their active constituent, andrographolide, exhibit hepatoprotective activity in both laboratory and animal studies. Experimental research has shown protection against liver damage induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄), D-galactosamine, paracetamol and ethanol, along with improvement in liver enzyme levels and histopathological changes.
In addition, andrographolide and related diterpenes possess choleretic, antidiarrheal, immunostimulant, antimalarial, antipyretic properties and may also be beneficial in urinary tract infections.