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Rituximab

Generic Medicine
Indications

Rituximab is indicated for the treatment of: Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (NHL):

Relapsed or refractory, low-grade or follicular, CD20-positive B-cell NHL as monotherapy.

Previously untreated follicular CD20-positive B-cell NHL in combination with first-line chemotherapy, and as single-agent maintenance therapy in patients achieving complete or partial response.

Non-progressing (including stable disease), low-grade CD20-positive B-cell NHL as monotherapy after CVP (cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisone) chemotherapy.

Previously untreated diffuse large B-cell CD20-positive NHL in combination with CHOP or other anthracycline-based regimens.

Pediatric patients aged 6 months and older.

Previously untreated advanced-stage CD20-positive DLBCL, Burkitt lymphoma, Burkitt-like lymphoma, or mature B-cell acute leukemia in combination with chemotherapy.

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL): Rituximab, in combination with fludarabine and cyclophosphamide (FC), is indicated for adult patients with previously untreated or previously treated CD20-positive CLL.

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA): Rituximab, in combination with methotrexate, is indicated for adult patients with moderately to severely active rheumatoid arthritis who have inadequate response to one or more TNF antagonist therapies.

Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (GPA) and Microscopic Polyangiitis (MPA): Rituximab, in combination with glucocorticoids, is indicated for adult and pediatric patients aged 2 years and older with GPA (Wegener’s granulomatosis) and MPA.

Pemphigus Vulgaris (PV): Rituximab is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with moderate to severe pemphigus vulgaris.

Pharmacology

Rituximab is a genetically engineered chimeric murine/human monoclonal IgG1 kappa antibody that targets the CD20 antigen on B lymphocytes. It has an approximate molecular weight of 145 kDa and binds to CD20 with a high affinity of about 8.0 nM.

Dosage Administration

Administration only as an Intravenous Infusion: It should not be administered as an intravenous push or bolus. Rituximab should only be administered by a healthcare professional with appropriate medical support to manage severe infusion-related reactions that can be fatal if they occur. It should be premedicated before each infusion, or as directed by the registered physicians.

First Infusion: Standard Infusion: Initiate infusion at a rate of 50 mg/hr. In the absence of infusion toxicity, increase infusion rate by 50 mg/hr increments every 30 minutes, to a maximum of 400 mg/hr.

For Pediatric Patients with mature B-cell NHL/B-AL: Initiate infusion at a rate of 0.5 mg/kg/hr (maximum 50 mg/hr). In the absence of infusion toxicity, increase infusion rate by 0.5 mg/kg/hr every 30 minutes, to a maximum of 400 mg/hr.

Subsequent Infusions: Standard Infusion: Initiate infusion at a rate of 100 mg/hr. In the absence of infusion toxicity, increase rate by 100 mg/hr increments at 30-minute intervals, to a maximum of 400 mg/hr.

For Previously Untreated Follicular NHL and DLBCL adult patients: If patients did not experience a Grade 3 or 4 infusion-related adverse event during Cycle 1, a 90-minute infusion can be administered in Cycle 2 with a glucocorticoid-containing chemotherapy regimen. Initiate at a rate of 20% of the total dose given in the first 30 minutes and the remaining 80% of the total dose given over the next 60 minutes. If the 90-minute infusion is tolerated in Cycle 2, the same rate can be used through Cycle 6 or 8. Patients with clinically significant cardiovascular disease or circulating lymphocyte count ≥5,000/mm³ before Cycle 2 should not receive the 90-minute infusion.

Recommended Dose for Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (NHL): The recommended dose is 375 mg/m² as an intravenous infusion. Relapsed or Refractory, Low-Grade or Follicular, CD20-Positive B-Cell NHL: once weekly for 4 or 8 doses. Retreatment for Relapsed or Refractory NHL: once weekly for 4 doses. Previously Untreated Follicular NHL: Day 1 of each chemotherapy cycle up to 8 doses; then maintenance every 8 weeks for 12 doses. Non-progressing Low-Grade NHL after CVP: once weekly for 4 doses at 6-month intervals up to 16 doses. Diffuse Large B-Cell NHL: Day 1 of each chemotherapy cycle up to 8 infusions.

Pediatric patients (6 months and older) with mature B-cell NHL/B-AL: Six total infusions with LMB chemotherapy (COPDAM1, COPDAM2, CYM/CYVE).

Recommended Dose for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL): 375 mg/m² the day prior to FC chemotherapy, then 500 mg/m² on Day 1 of cycles 2–6 (every 28 days).

Recommended Dose for Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA): Two 1,000 mg IV infusions separated by 2 weeks. Methylprednisolone 100 mg IV 30 minutes prior to each infusion is recommended. Subsequent courses every 24 weeks or based on evaluation (not sooner than 16 weeks). Given with methotrexate.

Recommended Dose for GPA and MPA: 375 mg/m² IV once weekly for 4 weeks with glucocorticoids (methylprednisolone 1,000 mg/day for 1–3 days, then oral prednisone).

Recommended Dose for Pemphigus Vulgaris (PV): Two 1,000 mg IV infusions separated by 2 weeks with tapering glucocorticoids.

Maintenance treatment: 500 mg IV at Month 12 and every 6 months thereafter or based on evaluation.

Treatment of relapse: 1,000 mg IV at relapse; consider glucocorticoid adjustment. Subsequent infusions no sooner than 16 weeks.

Interactions

Formal drug interaction studies have not been conducted with Rituximab. In patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), Rituximab does not significantly change systemic exposure to fludarabine or cyclophosphamide.

Contraindications

Rituximab is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to Rituximab or any of its components.

Side Effects

Common and serious adverse effects include hepatitis B virus reactivation, fever, chills, pruritus, skin rash, dyspnea, bronchospasm, angioedema, hypotension, flushing, asthenia, headache, rhinitis, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, anemia, abdominal pain, bowel obstruction or perforation, worsening of heart failure or angina, interstitial pneumonia, pulmonary fibrosis, and reduced immunoglobulin levels.

Pregnancy & Lactation

Rituximab may cause fetal harm when administered during pregnancy. Exposure in utero may result in B-cell lymphocytopenia in newborns. Adverse pregnancy outcomes may occur regardless of maternal health status. The risk of congenital abnormalities is unknown. Limited data suggest Rituximab may be present in human breast milk at low levels. Because potential risks to infants are unknown, breastfeeding should be avoided during treatment and for 6 months after the last dose.

Precautions & Warnings

Infusion-related reactions: Severe or fatal reactions may occur, including hypotension, bronchospasm, anaphylaxis, respiratory distress, myocardial infarction, and shock. Pediatric patients may require corticosteroid premedication.

Severe mucocutaneous reactions: Includes Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, and other serious skin reactions. Treatment should be discontinued if these occur.

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML): Any new neurological symptoms should be evaluated immediately. Rituximab should be stopped if PML is suspected or confirmed.

Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS): Requires hydration, uric acid control, and close monitoring of renal function and electrolytes.

Infections: Serious bacterial, fungal, and viral infections may occur; discontinue treatment if severe infection develops. Not recommended in active severe infections.

Therapeutic Class

Cytotoxic immunosuppressants

Storage Conditions

Store vial in original carton at 2°C–8°C in a refrigerator. Do not freeze. Protect from light. Keep out of reach of children.

Common Questions

What is Rituximab for?

What does Rituximab do?

What are the side effects of Rituximab?

What happens if you take too much Rituximab?

Can Rituximab be taken during pregnancy?

No available drugs found

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